Accounting

In accounting, drawings represent personal withdrawals made by the owner from business resources, typically in sole proprietorships and partnerships. These withdrawals reduce the owner’s capital but are not treated as business expenses. Understanding drawings is vital for maintaining accurate equity figures, complying with accounting principles such as the Entity Concept, and preserving a clear distinction between personal and business finances. Under IFRS and U.S. GAAP, drawings are treated as a reduction in equity, not an expense, ensuring that profit and loss statements reflect only operational results and not personal transactions.… Read more

Profit is the single most influential factor that transforms a company’s financial statements from a static record of resources into a dynamic measure of performance. In accounting, profit directly affects the equity portion of the balance sheet, linking the income statement to the statement of financial position. Under both IFRS and U.S. GAAP, profit represents the increase in economic benefits during a period from inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities.… Read more

The accounting equation—Assets = Liabilities + Equity—is the structural rule that underpins all double-entry bookkeeping systems. It ensures that financial statements remain balanced and accurate after every transaction. This relationship, recognized under IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and FASB ASC 205-10, applies to all entities regardless of size, sector, or accounting framework. The following examples demonstrate how the equation functions in real business scenarios, showing its direct effect on assets, liabilities, and equity.… Read more

The entity concept—also known as the business entity principle—is one of the most fundamental doctrines in accounting. It establishes that a business exists as a distinct financial unit, independent of its owners or other stakeholders. Under both International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), this concept is essential for producing objective, verifiable financial statements. Without it, financial reporting would be inconsistent, misleading, and legally problematic. 1. What is the Entity Concept?… Read more

The accounting equation and the business equation are the twin pillars of financial logic that ensure every dollar a company owns or owes is accounted for. Both are essential for transparent reporting and informed decision-making. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) base nearly all modern financial statements on these two interrelated principles. Mastering them is fundamental to understanding how a business measures its financial position and performance.… Read more

Assets and liabilities form the backbone of every business’s financial structure. They represent the resources owned by an organization and the obligations it owes to others. Together, these two elements define a company’s financial strength, liquidity, and ability to generate sustainable value. According to IFRS and GAAP principles, all accounting systems revolve around the balance between assets, liabilities, and equity—the foundation of double-entry bookkeeping used in modern financial reporting. 1. What Are Assets?… Read more

A business is more than just an organization or an entity—it is a dynamic system designed to create value by providing goods or services to meet the needs and desires of consumers. Whether for profit or not, businesses form the backbone of modern economies. According to data from the World Bank (2024), over 90% of all global enterprises are small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), accounting for more than 50% of worldwide employment and 40% of GDP in emerging markets.… Read more

At its core, every business is an entity that manages resources (assets) and obligations (liabilities) to achieve its goals. Understanding the interplay between these two elements is fundamental to grasping the nature of a business and its financial operations. Assets represent the resources businesses utilize to generate revenue, while liabilities are the obligations they must settle. Assets and liabilities form the basis of the accounting equation and determine a company’s solvency, liquidity, and overall financial strength according to frameworks like IFRS and GAAP.… Read more

Financial understanding is crucial for making informed decisions, managing money effectively, and ensuring long-term financial stability. However, individuals and businesses face various challenges in developing and applying financial knowledge. These challenges range from lack of financial literacy to the complexity of financial markets and evolving regulations. This article explores the key obstacles in financial understanding and strategies to overcome them, drawing on global insights from the OECD, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF).… Read more

Financial understanding plays a crucial role in managing personal finances, helping individuals make informed decisions about budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management. A strong financial foundation ensures long-term financial security, wealth accumulation, and the ability to achieve financial goals. This article explores key aspects of financial understanding in personal finance and its importance in daily life, connecting concepts from OECD financial literacy frameworks, behavioral economics, and global financial planning standards. 1.… Read more