In April 2025, President Donald Trump announced a sweeping new trade policy centered on “reciprocal tariffs,” aiming to align U.S. import duties with those imposed by its trading partners. Framed as a response to what Trump described as “unfair, nonreciprocal” trade practices, the announcement marked a dramatic escalation in U.S.…
The Eight-Nation Alliance’s intervention in China during the Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) is often framed as a response to anti-foreign violence, but its deeper motivations were economic. The coalition—comprising Britain, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, Japan, Italy, and Austria-Hungary—was driven by the pursuit of trade dominance, territorial control, and financial interests.…
The ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) Code of Ethics and Conduct provides a framework of ethical principles and guidance for professional accountants. Based on the International Code of Ethics issued by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA), the ACCA Code promotes integrity, transparency, and professionalism within the accounting profession.…
The U.S. national debt is a staggering number—over $37 trillion as of 2025. That’s a mind-boggling amount, larger than the entire economies of China, Japan, and Germany combined. But what does that really mean for the average American? Who does the U.S. owe this money to, and how does the government plan to pay it back?…
The United States has amassed a record-high national debt, approaching roughly $35–36 trillion by early 2025. This debt is the sum of all outstanding U.S. Treasury securities – the bedrock instruments of global finance – and it is owed to a wide array of creditors.…
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has emerged as one of the most disruptive innovations in the global financial ecosystem. Built on blockchain technology, DeFi platforms eliminate traditional financial intermediaries, offering peer-to-peer financial services such as lending, trading, and insurance. This article critically examines the theoretical foundations of DeFi, assesses its macroeconomic implications, explores regulatory responses, and evaluates real-world data and case studies from the evolving DeFi landscape.…
President Trump’s April 2025 announcement of a sweeping reciprocal tariff policy—anchored by a 10% baseline tariff on all imports, with the potential for higher country-specific rates—marks a significant and controversial reorientation of U.S. trade strategy. This policy is intended to address long-standing trade deficits and perceived unfair trading practices by demanding that foreign governments match the United States’ tariffs and open their markets to American goods at levels deemed equitable.…
In response to Pillar Two, jurisdictions are adjusting domestic tax laws to retain competitiveness while complying with GloBE standards. Some countries have adopted or announced “Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Taxes” (QDMTTs), which allow them to collect the top-up tax domestically before it is claimed by other jurisdictions under the IIR or UTPR.…
In recent years, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting has transformed from a voluntary, peripheral disclosure to a central pillar in corporate transparency. As stakeholders increasingly demand non-financial metrics to assess long-term value and sustainability, ESG disclosures have become crucial to both investor decision-making and regulatory oversight.…
Here’s an easy-to-read article that explains the US-China trade and debt relationship in simple, clear points — perfect for anyone, even without an economics background:
America loves shopping — especially from China. From iPhones to furniture to toys, the US buys hundreds of billions of dollars worth of stuff from China every year.…
Recent news has brought Donald Trump’s aggressive trade policies back into focus. This article examines the complexities of trade deficits, debunks misleading interpretations of trade statistics, and highlights the importance of value‐added analysis in understanding global supply chains. Using the illustrative case of the iPhone, where final assembly is only one small part of a global production process, we explore how simplistic trade deficit figures can obscure the true economic benefits for the United States.…
In April 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump announced the implementation of “reciprocal tariffs,” aiming to address perceived trade imbalances by imposing duties equivalent to those levied by other countries on U.S. goods. This policy introduced a baseline 10% tariff on all imports, with higher rates for specific nations: 34% on Chinese goods, 46% on Vietnamese goods, and 20% on European Union products.…