Author name: accountancy

Accountancy

Finance

The Evolution of Central Banking: From Gold Standard to Digital Currencies

/
Central banks are the cornerstone of modern economic governance, entrusted with maintaining monetary stability, controlling inflation, and ensuring the smooth functioning of financial systems. Over the past century, central banking has evolved dramatically—from the rigid rules of the gold standard to the flexibility of fiat money regimes, and now into the digital frontier of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). This article traces the historical development of central banks, analyzes their changing roles, and explores the challenges and opportunities they face in the 21st century.…
Accounting

The Rise of Forensic Accounting: Combating Fraud in the Digital Age

/
Forensic accounting has become one of the fastest-growing specialties in the fields of accounting and finance. In an age where financial crime, cyber fraud, and corporate misconduct are on the rise, forensic accountants serve as critical investigators and expert witnesses, uncovering financial discrepancies and presenting evidence in legal contexts. This article explores the evolution of forensic accounting, its tools and techniques, landmark case studies, and its growing role in both the private and public sectors.…
Taxation

Carbon Taxation in the European Union: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Perspectives

/
Climate change has become a defining challenge of the 21st century, prompting nations around the globe to adopt bold policy measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most economically efficient tools in this endeavor is carbon taxation—a fiscal instrument that places a direct price on carbon emissions to encourage sustainable behavior. In the European Union (EU), carbon taxation is increasingly gaining ground as a complement to the Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).…
Taxation

The Taxation of Cryptocurrencies in the European Union: Regulatory Gaps and Policy Convergence

/
Cryptocurrencies, once a niche asset class, have exploded into the financial mainstream, with billions in trading volume, institutional adoption, and a growing presence in global investment portfolios. However, tax systems in the European Union (EU) have struggled to keep pace with the rapid growth and evolving nature of digital assets. From capital gains to VAT, staking rewards to decentralized finance (DeFi), crypto taxation varies dramatically across member states. This article examines the current state of cryptocurrency taxation in the EU, highlights national differences, and evaluates efforts at regulatory harmonization through the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation and the OECD’s Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF).…
Taxation

Cross-Border Taxation of Remote Workers in the Post-Pandemic Economy

/
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically reshaped the global labor market, accelerating the adoption of remote work across industries and borders. As employees began working from countries different from their employers, new and complex tax issues emerged. The rise of cross-border remote work has forced tax authorities, multinational companies, and digital professionals to reconsider traditional tax residency, employer obligations, and permanent establishment (PE) risks. This article explores the evolving landscape of international taxation for remote workers, addressing key challenges, regulatory responses, and strategic considerations for employers and employees alike.…
Taxation

Taxation of Footballer Transfers in Europe: A Complex Web of Contracts, Agents, and Cross-Border Rules

/
Professional football in Europe is not only a multibillion-euro industry but also one of the most complex sectors when it comes to taxation. Player transfers, which often involve enormous sums, multiple jurisdictions, and various stakeholders, raise significant tax challenges and planning opportunities for clubs, players, agents, and governments alike. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how footballer transfers are taxed across Europe, examining the treatment of transfer fees, image rights, agents’ commissions, and recent regulatory developments.…
Auditing

Artificial Intelligence in Auditing: Transforming Assurance in the Digital Age

/
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining industries across the globe, and auditing is no exception. As financial data grows exponentially and regulatory expectations heighten, audit firms are under increasing pressure to deliver faster, more accurate, and higher-value services. AI offers powerful tools to meet these challenges—automating routine tasks, identifying anomalies, and enhancing risk assessment. This article explores the transformative role of AI in auditing, from its current applications to its strategic implications, challenges, and future prospects, supported by real-world examples and critical analysis.…
Economics

Inflation Targeting in a Post-Pandemic World: Challenges, Effectiveness, and the Future of Monetary Policy

/
Inflation targeting—monetary policy’s north star for much of the 21st century—faces renewed scrutiny in the wake of unprecedented global shocks. Central banks from the U.S. Federal Reserve to the European Central Bank (ECB) have struggled to balance inflation control with economic recovery in the aftermath of COVID-19, global supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical conflicts like the war in Ukraine. This article explores the evolution of inflation targeting, its theoretical underpinnings, empirical performance, and emerging critiques.…
Taxation

Tax Havens, Base Erosion, and the Global Battle for Corporate Tax Justice

/
In an era of globalization and digital commerce, multinational enterprises (MNEs) increasingly leverage tax havens to reduce their tax burdens through practices like profit shifting and base erosion. These strategies, while often legal, have ignited a global debate over corporate tax fairness, sovereignty, and the erosion of domestic tax bases. This article examines the structure and tactics of tax havens, the economic and ethical implications of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and the international policy responses seeking to restore equity to the global tax system.…
Finance

Shadow Banking: The Invisible Giant of Global Finance

/
Shadow banking, often described as the “parallel banking system,” refers to credit intermediation involving entities and activities outside the regular banking system. While not subject to traditional regulatory oversight, shadow banking institutions perform similar roles to traditional banks—such as maturity transformation, liquidity creation, and credit risk transfer—posing both opportunities and systemic risks. This article delves into the anatomy of shadow banking, its evolution post-2008 financial crisis, regulatory gaps, economic significance, and contemporary policy challenges.…
Scroll to Top