Author name: accountancy

Accountancy

Finance

Shadow Banking and Systemic Risk: Analyzing the Hidden Levers of Global Finance

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The shadow banking system—comprising financial intermediaries operating outside traditional banking regulation—has emerged as a powerful, yet opaque force in global finance. From money market funds and hedge funds to securitization vehicles and peer-to-peer lending platforms, shadow banking entities provide credit, liquidity, and investment products without being subject to the same capital and liquidity requirements as commercial banks.…

Economics

Inflation Targeting and Monetary Policy: Evaluating Effectiveness in a Post-Pandemic Economy

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Inflation targeting has long been the cornerstone of modern central banking. Introduced in the early 1990s, it involves setting explicit inflation rate goals—typically around 2%—to anchor expectations and guide monetary policy. However, the post-COVID-19 global economy has exposed the limitations of this framework amid supply shocks, fiscal-monetary coordination challenges, and geopolitical disruptions.…

Accounting, Financial Accounting

Cryptocurrency and Financial Reporting: Challenges in Accounting for Digital Assets

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As cryptocurrency adoption accelerates across industries and investment portfolios, the accounting profession faces the complex task of properly recognizing, measuring, and disclosing digital assets. With no globally harmonized standard for crypto accounting, firms must navigate a fragmented landscape of interpretations, risking inconsistencies in financial reporting.…

Economics, Taxation

Green Taxation and Environmental Economics: Evaluating Carbon Pricing Mechanisms in Global Policy

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In the context of escalating climate crises and international sustainability goals, green taxation has emerged as a pivotal tool in aligning economic incentives with environmental outcomes. Central to this development is carbon pricing—through carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems—as a policy mechanism to internalize the negative externalities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.…

Economics

Transfer Pricing in the Digital Economy: Navigating OECD Guidelines and Corporate Strategies

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As multinational enterprises (MNEs) increasingly operate in a digitized and borderless economy, traditional models of transfer pricing face growing scrutiny. The allocation of profits among tax jurisdictions has become a contentious issue, prompting regulatory responses from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and reshaping corporate tax planning.…

Auditing

Digital Transformation in Auditing: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Future of Assurance

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The auditing profession is undergoing a significant shift due to the rapid advancement of digital technologies. This transformation is being driven by the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, data analytics, and robotic process automation (RPA). These tools are revolutionizing how auditors conduct their work and how stakeholders view the value of assurance services.…

Management Accounting

Computerisation of Stock Control Systems

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Computerisation of stock control systems involves the use of digital tools and software to automate inventory management tasks such as recording, tracking, reordering, and reporting. Replacing manual processes with computerised systems improves accuracy, efficiency, and real-time visibility over inventory operations. This transformation is essential for businesses aiming to enhance operational control and responsiveness in a competitive market.…

Management Accounting

Stock Control Systems

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Stock control systems are tools and processes used to monitor, manage, and regulate the inventory levels of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. These systems help businesses maintain optimal stock levels, prevent overstocking and stockouts, improve cash flow, and ensure operational efficiency. Effective stock control systems combine technology, documentation, and procedures to support accurate inventory management and decision-making.…

Management Accounting

Material Returns

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Material returns refer to the process of sending unused, excess, or defective materials back to the store or supplier. This process ensures accurate inventory records, supports cost control, and prevents unnecessary accumulation of stock. Material returns may occur internally (within the organization) or externally (to suppliers) and must be properly documented to maintain accountability and stock integrity.…

Management Accounting

Material Transfers

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Material transfers refer to the internal movement of materials from one location, department, or cost center to another within an organization. These transfers are essential for maintaining operational flow, optimizing resource use, and ensuring that production and service departments receive the necessary materials on time.…

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